British historian, F. W. Maitland wrote:
We study the day before yesterday
in order that yesterday may not paralyze today, and that today may not paralyze
tomorrow.
Which is a fancy way of saying, what really happened does matter.[1] In a similar vein, John Dominic Crossan said
something like, if we get yesterday right, we have a chance of getting today
better. So, let’s look at yesterday.
Back in 1956, David Ben-Gurion, possibly struggling with his
conscience, confessed:
If I were an Arab leader, I would
never make terms with Israel. That is natural, we have taken their country.
Sure God promised it to us, but what does that matter to them? Our God is not
theirs. We came from Israel ,
it’s true, but that was two thousand years ago, and what is that to them? There
has been anti-Semitism, the Nazis, Auschwitz , but was that their
fault? They only see one thing: we have come and stolen their country. Why
should they accept that? [2]
“God promised it to us”?
Not so fast. More and more scholars, Jewish and humanist,
are questioning the exodus story and that “promise”. Rabbi David Wolpe raised just that provocative
question before his congregation of 2,200 at Sinai Temple in Westwood,
California back in 2001, saying:
After a century of excavations
trying to prove the ancient accounts true, archeologists say there is no
conclusive evidence that the Israelites were ever in Egypt, were ever enslaved,
ever wandered in the Sinai wilderness for 40 years or ever conquered the land
of Canaan under Joshua’s leadership.[3]
Teresa Watanbe continues:
The modern archeological consensus
over the Exodus is just beginning to reach the public. In 1999, an Israeli
archeologist, Ze’ev Herzog of Tel Aviv University set off a furor in Israel by
writing in a popular magazine that stories of the patriarchs were myths and
that neither the Exodus nor Joshua’s conquest ever occurred.[4]
Think about that. Outside
of the Jewish Bible, there is not one shred of evidence that Israel was ever in
Egypt to be rescued by God in the first place. Even in the Bible, the Pharaoh is not named,
nor is the context identified. There is
no record in Egyptian history of two million people suddenly making an exodus nor of a labor shortage when a third of its workforce disappeared almost
overnight. Disregarding the sociopathic image it makes of God sending plague
after plague upon innocent Egyptian families who had no power to do what Moses
demanded and discounting the fact that rivers just don’t suddenly part to allow
people to walk across, there has never been one piece of pottery, (the
archeologist best friend) found in the Sinai to indicate that a couple of
million Jews roamed around there for forty years. Nor is there any record
in Canaan that suddenly an invading army came and conquered them with or
without God’s blessings. In other words, it
was made up hundreds of years after it was supposed to have happened to
justify Israel’s presence and occupation of Canaanite land.
To be fair, I am not just doubting Jewish traditions.
I don’t believe stars ever roamed across the sky no matter
how many times we sing Star of Wonder,
Star of Night in our Christmas carols. Nor do I believe that virgins have
babies or that dead people suddenly rise up out of their graves in mass as
described in Matthew 27:52-53. In more
than forty years of preaching, I have never preached on that text, nor have I
been asked to.
And not to leave the Muslims out, I don’t believe that a
huge rock called out to a Muslim warrior saying “There is a Jew hiding behind
me, kill him,” as is recorded in the Hadith. Or that Mohammed heard about Jinns
(angels) from a tree, that Adam was ninety feet tall or that roosters crow and
donkeys bray because they see Satan.
What I DO believe is that there is a call for peace and justice
in all three Abrahamic religions. If we
took seriously the compassion mandate that we all share, if we accepted the
responsibility to feed the hungry, bring water to the thirsty and justice for
the oppressed, there would be little energy left to fight over our imagined
traditions.
Thomas Are
August 19, 2016
[1]
Alfred M. Lilienthal, What Price Israel,
(Infinity Publishing, Haverford, PA. 2003) p. xv.
[2] This
quote is documented in numerous sources. I refer to the book by Don Wagner and
Walt Davis, Zionism and the Quest for
Justice in the Holy Land . (Pickwick
Publications, 2014) p.21. And Chas W.
Freeman, Jr. America’s Continuing
Misadventures in the Middle East, (Just Word Books, 2016) p.48.
[3]
Teresa Watanabe, Doubting the Story of
Exodus, Los Angeles Times, April 13, 2001
[4]
Teresa Watanabe, Doubting the Story of
Exodus, Los Angeles Times, April 13, 2001